Bazaars are among the few historical buildings that still continue to operate. The Bazaar in a city has been important not only from economic aspects but also from cultural and social aspects. Today, the empty space of such urban spaces, which can become a lasting space by creating a sense of belonging and peace, while meeting the needs of today's people, is felt very much. Sound is one of the main factors in creating memories in the human mind. In order to investigate the role of sound in the traditional architecture of Iran, a research was conducted in the Vakil Bazzar of Shiraz. The final goal of this research is to investigate the quantitative and qualitative conditions of the sound using sound meter software in the Vakil Bazzar of Shiraz. The permissible level of noise pollution in urban spaces is 60 decibels based on the resolution of the Supreme Council of Environmental Protection of Iran for commercial areas. The results of this research indicate that in the quietest conditions, the noise pollution for at least 33% of the Bazzar space is higher than the maximum allowed amount of noise pollution. How to improve the sound conditions in Vakil Bazzar, such as reducing noise by creating a masking sound source, creating a pond and a fountain, is one of the most important results of this research.

Despite the similar performance of Bazaar1 in different cities of Iran, there are some the skeletal differences between markets in different climates. The Bazaar roof protects customers against natural events in any climate. The ceiling height and the sitting down of the Bazaar’s floor are determined based on the need for air circulation and movement in various climates. Hence, combination of all the factors would shape the market. Natural ventilation and cooling air are one of the major factors determining the market shape in hot and dry areas. This study aims to analyze the function of natural ventilation concerning direct and indirect effective elements and their impacts on market shape in hot and dry city-Shiraz. For this purpose, Vakil Bazaar is chosen. In this research, a combination of descriptive and case methods are applied analytically, a field which determines the wind and air function based on the dominant wind and other elements affecting the natural ventilation of Shiraz’ Vakil Bazaar that in the end achieve factors to providing favorable comfort in this place.

Light, as the most effective element of nature, beyond providing illumination, light fulfills climatic needs, psychological requirements, and the decoration of spaces.In this regard, a study was conducted in Vakil Bazaar in Shiraz. This study aims to investigate qualitative conditions of natural light in the southern route (rasteh) of the bazaar, and to propose ways to improve these conditions. This research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method with the aid of Rhino software, the Grasshopper and Honeybee plugins to analyze the southern rasteh of Vakil Bazaar in terms of light conditions throughout the year. The findings indicate that the Spatial Daylight Autonomy (SDA) index, based on 300 lux, for the southern route of Vakil Bazaar is currently 23.64. Considering that the SDA index for indoor lighting in suitable conditions is 50, the current lighting conditions are considered unfavorable, and based on the calculations of software tests, it is suggested that the roof hornos of the bazaar up to a diameter of one meter.How to improve the lighting conditions in the Vakil bazaar with the help of software analysis and by modeling the past conditions of the Vakil bazaar, is one of the most important results of this research.

Humans are immediately engaged with and aware of the world through bodily perception. buildings with fanatical design and construction approaches are becoming targets for momentary visual deception, while losing their sense of presence, flexibility, and in fact, their real sense. In the meantime, Johanni Palasma, as a phenomenological architect, has been able to address this issue with his ideas and theories. The themes and criteria of Palasma's phenomenology in environmental perceptions in the form of a body are derived from the ideas of the phenomenological philosopher Merleau-Ponty. This research seeks to answer the question of how the phenomenological themes of Johannes Palasma are hidden in the architectural space of Vakil Bazaar in Shiraz? And also how can Johannes Palasma's phenomenological thoughts make the architectural space understandable and perceptible to the audience as a embodied process? To answer the question posed, the phenomenological research method based on Max van Menen's model with free, axial and selective coding was used. In the theoretical part, studies on phenomenology were conducted from the perspective of Johannes Palasma, and in the field part, a conversation was held with 30 participants using observation and semi-structured and open interviews. At this stage, the selected components from the interviews were compared with the phenomenological themes of Johannes Palasma in the context of Vakil Bazaar in Shiraz. In the end, it was concluded that there is a significant affinity between Johannes Palasma's phenomenological concepts and embodied perceptions in the architectural space of Vakil Bazaar in Shiraz.

Extended Abstract Introduction Urban spaces are the living places of a wide range of people, individually and collectively. Markets are considered an urban space, the center of economy, culture and historical heritage of every city, which simultaneously with the profound physical and social changes of the modern era in Iranian cities, with a decrease in value, and have faced economic, social, and physical continuity. Examining and studying the factors that cause these changes in historical markets is necessary so that the traditional market, as a manifestation of the Iranian urban space, will be able to bring the concept of the collective spirit of the place in the best way, because it is the focus of cultural heritage and historical preservation. As an example of an urban space with ancient history, Vakil Bazaar of Shiraz is an injury resulting from the incorrect imitation of the western urban planning culture, ignoring the structure of Iranian-Islamic urban planning. In general, the Vakil Bazaar and the Zandiye complex in Shiraz are among the places that bear the burden of the city's mental life and memories. Many of the characteristics and features of this market have suffered a sharp decline in quality, or in some cases, they have disappeared altogether. Investigating and analyzing how the behavioral patterns of users change in old and historical urban spaces, such as Vakil Bazaar, is of undeniable importance; because these spaces can greatly contribute to the endogenous and sustainable development of the city in various cultural, social and economic dimensions by taking advantage of the valuable heritage capabilities and capacities in addition to their social capital. Therefore, the current research has been carried out with the aim of interpreting and explaining the evolution of behavioral patterns in the Vakil Bazaar. In line with the main goal of the research, two questions are raised: - What behavior patterns have emerged from businesses, customers, and passers-by in the Vakil Bazaar? -In what direction have the changes in the behavioral and action system of people using the Vakil Bazaar gone in the last few years?   Methodology  In order to achieve the goal of the research, in general, in this research, the questioning strategy was used to analyze the meaning of the actors' actions and understand their mental world. Collaborative observation and in-depth interviews (41 people, including 19 men and 22 women) were considered with the aim of empathetic introspection with the activists. In-depth interviews of 45 to 120 minutes were conducted in a semi-structured manner with the main carriers of the Bazaar, including various business groups and citizens present in the space, which were recorded during the interview and implemented afterward. In the selection of the interviewees, having lived experience in the Vakil Bazaar environment and being more prepared to be involved in the research were considered general conditions. Along with the gradual formation of data and the achievement of content richness, they have been implemented to categorize the findings of the interviews, and in the next step, the hidden content of the interviews was interpreted with the help of the qualitative content analysis method, and the researchers went beyond the words or the objective content of the interview texts and extracted the mentioned themes or patterns of behavior. Then, the stages of determining the initial coding, finding the relationship between them and the categories (in relation to the conceptual model of the research) took place. In general, the method of qualitative content analysis was carried out in three key phases: a) preparation, b) organization, and c) reporting of results.   Results and discussion  After extracting the unit of meaning, compressing words or similar sentences in a phrase, and coding, codes were extracted, which were placed in different classes (categories and subcategories) according to conceptual and thematic relevance. The codes extracted from interviews with marketers and other market carriers were generally divided into three categories: 1) the field of seller-customer interaction, 2) the field of seller-seller interaction, and 3) the field of passerby interaction. The findings show that the subcategories of "duality of overt and implicit encounter" and "feeling of security and intimateness" in the field of seller-customer interaction, subcategories of "socialization" and "socio-emotional bonding" in the field of seller-seller interaction and subcategories of "cultural age" and "sense of belonging and ownership of space" in the field of the mutual action of passersby in the present and past have differences. In order, the subcategories of "socialization" with 387 codes, "cultural age" with 305 codes, and "socio-emotional relationship" with 147 codes had the highest weight among the extracted subcategories, which are included in the components of the social relations network, sustainable patterns of activity and semantic perceptual system, respectively, and show changes regardless of the nature and historical values of the environment that should be included in the executive plans and urban management decisions.   Conclusions  In general, the identified behavioral patterns are the most interesting, unique, and valuable institutionalized behaviors among the country's Bazaars; each of these behaviors, from the smallest to the largest, carries an extensive meaning that has become an unwritten mission or an identity style of urban collective life. The position of the current research, among other researches in the field of behavior in historical environments, is valuable because it has changed behaviors by comparing and examining contemporary behaviors with past behaviors in the environment. Discovering and systematizing these behavior patterns (before the main actors have not disappeared) makes possible the permanence and emergence of desirable behavior patterns as a part of the subculture of traditional markets. The need to pay attention to the collection of what has been achieved in the executive plans and decisions of urban management should be placed on the agenda, so that this field is not only viewed as a heritage body, but also as a place for the emergence of an ancient behavioral system. Future research can be done by emphasizing historical studies to identify the exact physical changes and people's mental meanings when faced with historical images in traditional samples.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

The weather has a huge impact on human comfort conditions. In the traditional Iranian architecture, designers have always tried to use climatic principles in buildings and urban spaces in order to provide comfort conditions for building occupants and users. Paying attention to climatic design of building elements such as roofs, floors, windows and walls can increase the comfort quality. Bazaars are one of the urban spaces that always have been built in compliance with climatic conditions in Iran’s traditional architecture. It seems essential to provide thermal comfort in bazaars in order to create a comfortable environment essential for the economic growth of the city. In this research the thermal comfort of Bazaar-e-Vakil in Shiraz is investigated based on PPD and PMV methods. In the absence of thermal comfort terms, arrangements can be considered in different seasons, using a combination of active and passive ways to create better conditions of thermal comfort. In this experimental research, the data was collected and measured based on field study procedure. The results show that from the thermal comfort point of view, in winter the degree of physiological stress, is without cold stress and the thermal senility is in the comfort degree, and less than 15 percent of users are dissatisfied with the thermal conditions of the Bazaar.

The design of tourist walkways and developments of strategies for more prolonged presence of people at ancient contextures are considered as vivid multiple procedures in protecting of contexture, tour guiding and urban sustainability. Shading in open spaces and pathways, especially in tourist areas, is one of the most important factors in providing the thermal comfort perception. So in innovation of architectural shading samples, some strategies and variable sunshades are needed by consideration of climate changes in any specified area and the changes of the sun position in the sky during days and different times of the year, alternately. This study analyzes the proportion of the thermal comfort in one of the tourist paths of the Zandieh complex located in Shiraz. This path lacks the appropriate function based on the researches by the thermal comfort means, so identifying a path and an appropriate place pause concerning climate conditions, environment, bed and contexture of specified area, presents you a suitable and effective pattern of a sunshade for the mentioned path, towards urban sustainability. This research is carried out by practical and scientific method of descriptive and bottom-up type. New hypothesis are generated from collected data. Data collection is based on library and metrical method.

During the evolution of the urban regeneration approach, attention to social participation has led to formation of community-Led urban regeneration. Social participation can improve social capital, sense of place and responsibility to the place, through community-Led urban regeneration process. As the art of qualifying public spaces, its activities’ platform is urban environment and space, given the social, ethnic and historical features of citizens and structural and physical requirements, urban design tends to make the urban space more at the service of the people and in this regard, in addition to the welfare of citizens, meet their emotional and psychological needs. Urban design focused on making places for people and the process of creating a better place for people. The main emphasis in urban design issues such as creating a place of interdisciplinary, public areas, group activities, interactive creation and social justice and civil participation. needs of public participation in improvement of cities status is not unknown. Based on the views of the theorists, social participation can also create social sustainability. Since the sufficient skills and knowledge are needed to take apart in decision making process with the aim of social participation in local development projects and urban spaces designing, it seems that the lack of educating and training required was due to failure social participation during urban regeneration projects. Due to the nature of this approach and intervention platform, the position of education must be clarified in this process. There are many instruments to use during this intervention, but the rule of education is not clarified in this process, yet. Disregarding for the role of residents who live in urban neighbors is the most important reason of failure to implement urban space design development projects with high quality in Iran. It is the result of lack of planning to attract participation neither teaching them, not to learn all people with the aim transferring experiences and to make appropriate methods to paradigm shift in the participants, on the other hand there are not enough awareness and expertise in the urban manager groups and the administrative experts. In addition, it is necessary to produce conceptual framework for educating, training and learning citizens based on creed, native culture and identity of Islamic-Iranian society. This study includes specifying the position of social education during common participation attraction process and also making clear the theoretical and philosophical basis of Islamic Ideology about social education with emphasized on the role of community and participation concept in the procedure of urban designing. Gathering data has been done with questionnaire, interview, and field study. This study is applied research and done with descriptive and analytical methods. The results show there is a significant positive relationship between social education and sustainable urban regeneration. It is therefore suggested that educating residents will be set as the target of sustainable urban regeneration plans as a pivotal element of urban designing and making decision. Finally, the results of study representative that based on Islamic realistic philosophy, the paradigm is educating and training from society and for society are the main purpose. The conclusion shows that educating and training to society have no expected results. The values of this society have been specified based on anthropology. With the aim of explaining the relationship between education-training and urban regeneration and also defining its role and position in the community-led urban regeneration process, in this study by using qualitative analysis and content analysis method, theories have been reviewed to compose the community-led urban regeneration through training. The results of study contain investigating the participatory approach as a designing paradigm will lead to the success of urban regeneration projects and there is an important issue that social training and social educating are not only instruments to achieve urban regeneration objectives but those should be considered as executables to attract citizen’s participation. In addition, the training and educating will be assumed as means to achieve enabling, empowering, capacity building and institutionalization for urban projects beneficiaries. In this study the theories are divided into two categories based on their nature. The first one contains the viewpoints about the relation between education and participation in common. And the other on contains the theories that includes philosophy of education in Islamic-Realism. According on research findings it is obvious that over the past decade, along with changing the view of environmental sustainability to social sustainability, education and training are implemented to building capacity and social empowerment with aim to increase social capacity. These all lead to increase social participation and common abilities to take apart in local development and urban space designing. The citizens who are educated and trained enough, are ready to participate in decision making, designing and implementation of urban regeneration projects. Finally, community-led urban regeneration can happen with the building capacity through education and training continuously. Likewise, in order to Islamic thought’s nature about social education and training and social behaviors in the community, defining the aims, principles, methods and contents of social education and training affected Islamic thought organize the main purposes of this study. The method of this research as its purpose is decisive and based on its social science nature is descriptive. With the purpose to define attribute of social education and training affected Islamic theology, two viewpoints are compared: Islamic Realistic philosophy and its Etebariat theory versus some theories about participation in urbanism and urban planning those have been based on social education and training. There are hierarchical aims based on Islamic philosophy and in accordance with these goals, the characteristics of education to the community have been explained. In general, despite the differences in the titles used to explain the theoretical and philosophical foundations of each of the two views there are similarities in the general orientation of explaining the role of education and training to the community to strengthen social responsibility and participation in both perspectives. As a final conclusion, it should be said that conscious participate urban design requires education, which should be explained in the context of the Islamic worldview and the principles of education in Islam. Based on case study surveying it revealed the education and training can improve the achievements and participation goals. During the implementation of this project tradesman refused to participate at the first, then, after some negotiation and explanation about the probable rewards and especially receiving their opinions about the priorities in infrastructure, space design, urban furniture, planting, facades, shades and materials for pedestrian flooring, they decided to be a part of this project.

The main target of the present study is analyzing Bazaar as a field. Analysis of Tehran traditional bazaar was performed based on compound methodological approach and Bourdieu’s field theory, and through applying techniques such as observation, participant observation, interviews and so on. Moreover, credible sources and documents were studied. Based on the findings, it can be said that contrary to the conventional economic (neo-classical) approaches, Bazaar does not act based on spontaneous order; and the Bazaaris’ interactions do not occur in an ordered and coordinated manner. Rather, Bazaar acts like a field in which Bazaaris compete against each other relying on their different sources and capitals, and in accordance with their particular habitual traits. Furthermore, the findings show that during the previous half century, Tehran’s traditional bazaar has experienced structural changes in three stages. Bazaar’s internal forces have been displaced in each stage and the rules have changed accordingly.

Along the human history, business centers have been under many disparities. By the passage of time vast areas of cities land had been devoted to the business use and its physical appearance had appeared as shop, bazaar, passage, department store, etc. A new retail economic geography, with regard to the reuse of spaces in form of megamalls and the transmission of retail capital, both in the inner cities and in the international setting, giving a special attention to the phenomenon of the reconstruction and change in the retail system has been observed. The theoretical approach to shopping and consumption as a form of leisure, hadled to innovation in the business, service, and recreation spaces, one of which is megamall. Various studies have shown that megamalls have been the main business perspectives of many countries in the world and have vital roles in the retail and tourism industry. This paper is a review-descriptive study and it aims to study and identify the megamalls based on the leisure view of the shopping and consumption. It was concluded that an appropriate integration of physical and functional potentials of Tabriz Traditional Bazaar, as a world heritage, in megamalls can disseminate Tabriz bazaar potentials. It is suggested that creating megamalls based on these potentials as commercial- recreational, leisure and service centers and poles and a ring communication network in the Tabriz city domaincan reduce the economic and traffic load of bazaar and other problems of the city, specially the city center, and it would maintain the bazaar.